Testicular Cancer
Testicular cancer is a form of cancer that develops in the male testicle. Scientifically speaking, it arises in cells known as germ cells, which comprise the tissue that makes up the male gonads (testes). Therefore, testicular cancer is a form of germ cell cancer. While all testicular cancer is germ cell cancer, all germ cell cancer is not testicular cancer. One can also have germ cell cancer arising in areas outside of the testicle. This is much less common than testicular cancer and the two most common areas are the retro peritoneum (behind the contents of the abdomen) and the mediastinum (in front of the heart and lungs). These germ cell cancers carry a worse prognosis than testicular cancer and frequently require alternative types of chemotherapy.
Overall, approximately 96% of all testicular cancers are malignant. Testicular tumors are some of the fastest growing of all cancers and half of all men diagnosed already have evidence of metastases (spread to other areas of the body). This significantly complicates treatment options and compromises one's chances for survival.
Testicular cancer affects primarily young, white males between the ages of 18 and 35. It is the most common form of cancer in men of this age group. However, it is a relatively rare disease. There are approximately 7,000 new cases diagnosed each year in the United States. For unknown reasons the incidence, or number of new cases per year, has doubled in the last two decades.
Although the overall cure rate is 94%, there are many patients with poor prognostic factors in whom 5-year survival rates are less than 40%. This year alone, approximately 400 American men will die from testicular cancer.